ABSTRACT
Abstract Pyroligneous extract is applied in diverse areas as an antioxidant, an antimicrobial, and an anti-inflammatory agent. The discovery of new cost-effective antimicrobial agents of natural origin remains a challenge for the scientific community. This study aimed to conduct a systematic review and a technological forecasting of the existent evidence regarding the use of pyroligneous extract as a potential antimicrobial agent. Studies were identified through an investigation of various electronic databases: PubMed, SciFinder, Web of Science, Scopus, Scielo, Google scholar, and ProQuest. Patents were searched through INPI, Google patents, Espacenet, Patents online, USPTO, and WIPO. The literature on antimicrobial activity of pyroligneous extract are limited given the short duration of studies and variability in study design, use of pyroligneous preparations, and reports on results. However, evidence suggests the potential of pyroligneous extract as a natural antimicrobial agent. The most studied activity was the role of PE as a food preservative. However, pyroligneous extracts are also effective against pathogenic bacteria in the oral microflora and treatment of candidal infections. Further research is needed using standardized preparations of pyroligneous extracts to determine their long-term effectiveness and ability as antimicrobial agents.
ABSTRACT
Abstract Pyroligneous extract is applied in diverse areas as an antioxidant, an antimicrobial, and an anti-inflammatory agent. The discovery of new cost-effective antimicrobial agents of natural origin remains a challenge for the scientific community. This study aimed to conduct a systematic review and a technological forecasting of the existent evidence regarding the use of pyroligneous extract as a potential antimicrobial agent. Studies were identified through an investigation of various electronic databases: PubMed, SciFinder, Web of Science, Scopus, Scielo, Google scholar, and ProQuest. Patents were searched through INPI, Google patents, Espacenet, Patents online, USPTO, and WIPO. The literature on antimicrobial activity of pyroligneous extract are limited given the short duration of studies and variability in study design, use of pyroligneous preparations, and reports on results. However, evidence suggests the potential of pyroligneous extract as a natural antimicrobial agent. The most studied activity was the role of PE as a food preservative. However, pyroligneous extracts are also effective against pathogenic bacteria in the oral microflora and treatment of candidal infections. Further research is needed using standardized preparations of pyroligneous extracts to determine their long-term effectiveness and ability as antimicrobial agents.
Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Wood/chemistry , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Food Preservatives/pharmacology , Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology , Bacteria/drug effects , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Food Preservatives/chemistry , Fungi/drug effects , Anti-Infective Agents/chemistryABSTRACT
A incompatibilidade de enxertia é um problema que, além de prejuízo econômico aos produtores, causa atraso no lançamento de novas cultivares-copa e portaenxertos, devido ao longo período de tempo necessário para os testes de compatibilidade. O objetivo desta revisão é fazer um apanhado das principais e mais relevantes pesquisas realizadas envolvendo o tema incompatibilidade de enxertia em espécies frutíferas, especialmente as do gênero Prunus. Incompatibilidade é um fenômeno extremamente complexo, que envolve interações anatômicas, fisiológicas, bioquímicas e moleculares entre a cultivar-copa e o portaenxerto. Sendo, por essa razão, um problema de difícil estudo. Porém, acredita-se que através de uma análise conjunta dos diversos mecanismos de incompatibilidade, se pode avançar mais rapidamente no entendimento deste fenômeno.
The graft incompatibility is a problem that causes economic loss to producers and delay in the launch of new cultivars and rootstock because of the long time required for compatibility testing. The aim of this review is to show of the most important and relevant research conducted over the years involving the graft incompatibility in fruit species, specially the genus Prunus. The graft incompatibility is an extremely complex phenomenon that involves anatomical, physiological, biochemical and molecular interactions between scion and rootstock. Being for this reason a difficult problem to analyze. However, it is believed that through a joint analysis of graft incompatibility the understanding of the mechanisms may advance more quickly and so allow the solution for the phenomenon.
ABSTRACT
Açúcares redutores e matéria seca são características muito importantes em batata para processamento. Duas espécies de batata silvestre, Solanum commersonii, subespécies commersonii e malmeanum, e S. chacoense, subespécie muelleri, ocorrem no Sul do Brasil. Essas espécies são importantes para programas de melhoramento, pois apresentam variabilidade para diversas características importantes, tais como, tolerância à seca e geada, resistências a doenças e insetos e teor de matéria seca. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram verificar a variabilidade genética e estimar a herdabilidade para teor de açúcares redutores em clones de batata silvestre, que ocorrem no Sul do Brasil. Cinqüenta clones de batata silvestre, tomados ao acaso, da coleção mantida na EMBRAPA - Clima Temperado foram cultivados, sob telado, no outono e na primavera de 1996. No outono, 30 e, na primavera, 40 clones produziram tubérculos para análise de açúcares redutores. Os teores de açúcares redutores dos tubérculos foram determinados pelo método de Lane Enyon e identificados pelo método de Somogyi, modificado por NELSON (1944). Os resultados indicaram que as espécies estudadas apresentam variabilidade para teor de açúcares redutores, com alta herdabilidade, principalmente no outono.
Reducing sugar and dry matter are very important traits in potatoes for processing. Two wild potato species, Solanum commersonii, subspecies commersonii and malmeanum, and S. chacoense, subspecie mu, occur in the South of Brazil. These species are important for breeding programs, since they have variability for several important traits, such as drought and frost resistance, disease and insect resistance, and dry matter content.. The objectives of this research were to verify the genetic variability for reducing sugar content in wild potato clones of species that occur in this region and to estimate its heritability. Fifty wild potato clones, aleatorily chosen, of Embrapa Clima Temperado collection were grown in screen house, in autumn and spring season of 1996. In autumn, 30 and, in spring, 40 clones produced tubers for the reducing sugar analysis. Tuber sugar content was determined by using the Lane Enyon method and identified by the Somogyi method, modified by NELSON (1944). The results indicated that these species have genetic variability for reducing sugars, with high heritability, mainly in the fall season.